International shipping rules and terms               

اصطلاحات و قوانین حمل و نقل بین المللی

Container Freight Station   (C.F.S)

A CFS stands for Container Freight Station (CFS). It is a warehouse station responsible for the consolidation or deconsolidation of cargo before the products/goods are imported or exported. The station is involved in an export-import transaction, both at the point of origin as well as the destination

محل نگهداري كانتينرها

EX.W: (Ex Works)

EXW, short for “Ex Works,” places most responsibility with the buyer. The seller is expected to have the goods ready for collection at the agreed place of delivery (commonly the seller’s factory, mill, plant or warehouse

تحویل کالا در محل تولید،کارخانه

Free Carrier (F.C.A)

The free carrier is a trade term dictating that a seller of goods is responsible for the delivery of those goods to a destination specified by the buyer. When used in trade, the word “free” means the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier:

تحويل كالا در مكان مشخص شده به حمل كننده در مبداء (… نام مكان مشخص شده)

Free Alongside Ship   (F.A.S)

Free alongside ship (FAS) is a contractual term used in the international export business that stipulates that the seller must arrange for goods to be delivered to a designated port and next to a specific vessel for easier transfer.

تحويل كالا در كنار كشتي در مبدأ حمل (… نام بندر بارگيري)

Free On Board (F.O.B)

FOB stands for “free on board” or “freight on board” and is a designation that is used to indicate when liability and ownership of goods is transferred from a seller to a buyer. Free on Board: Free on board indicates whether the seller or the buyer is liable for goods that are damaged or destroyed during shipping

تحويل كالا روي عرشه كشتي در مبدأ حمل (… نام بندر بارگيري)

Cost and Freight (C.F.R)

Cost and freight (CFR) is a legal term used in foreign trade contracts. In a contract specifying that a sale is cost and freight, the seller is required to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain them from the carrier

قيمت كالا و كرايه حمل تا بندر مقصد

Cost, Insurance and Freight   (C.I.F)

Cost and freight (CFR) is a legal term used in foreign trade contracts. In a contract specifying that a sale is cost and freight, the seller is required to arrange for the carriage of goods by sea to a port of destination and provide the buyer with the documents necessary to obtain them from the carrier

قيمت كالا + هزينه حمل تا مقصد + حق بيمه

Carriage Paid To (C.P.T)

Carriage Paid To  (CPT) is an international commercial term (Incoterm) denoting that the seller incurs the risks and costs associated with delivering goods to a carrier to an agreed-upon destination. With multiple carriers, the risks and costs transfer to the buyer upon delivery to the first carrier.

پرداخت كرايه حمل كالا تا مقصد

Carriage and Insurance Paid To (C.I.P)

Carriage and Insurance Paid To is when a seller pays freight and insurance to deliver goods to a seller-appointed party at an agreed-upon location. Under CIP, the seller is obligated to insure goods in transit for 110% of the contract

پرداخت كرايه حمل و بيمه كالا تا مقصد (… نام محل مقرر در مقصد)

Delivered at Frontier (D.A.F)

“Delivered at frontier” (DAF) is a term used in international shipping contracts that requires a seller to deliver goods to a border location. The seller is usually responsible for all costs of transporting the goods to the drop-off point for the buyer.

تحويل كالا در مرز (… نام محل تعيين شده در مرز)

Delivered Ex Ship (D.E.S:)

Delivered ex-ship (DES) was an Incoterm (an international commercial term) that applied to both inland and sea shipping and often in charter shipping. DES stipulated that a seller had to deliver goods to a buyer at a certain port of arrival, as specified in an international shipping contract

تحويل كالا روي عرشه كشتي در بندر مقصد (… نام بندر مقصد)

: Delivered Ex Query (D.E.Q)

تحويل كالا روي اسكله در بندر مقصد (… نام بندر مقصد)

Delivered Duty Unpaid (D.D.U)

Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) is an international trade term meaning the seller is responsible for ensuring goods arrive safely to a destination; the buyer is responsible for import duties. By contrast, Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) indicates that the seller must cover duties, import clearance, and any taxes.

تحويل كالا در محل مقرر در مقصد بدون ترخيص و بدون پرداخت حقوق و عوارض گمركي توسط فروشنده (… نام محل مقرر در مقصد)

Delivered Duty Paid (D.D.P)

Delivered duty paid (DDP) is a delivery agreement whereby the seller assumes all of the responsibility, risk, and costs associated with transporting goods until the buyer receives or transfers them at the destination port.

تحويل كالا در محل مقرر در مقصد با ترخيص و پرداخت حقوق و عوارض گمركي پس از خروج کالا از گمرک توسط فروشنده

Free In & Out and Stow (F.I.O.S)

Freight includes only the transport. Loading, discharging and stowing the cargo in vessel hold(s) are free of risk, responsibility and cost to the carrier.

هزينه بارگيري در مبدأ و هزينه تخليه در بندر مقصد به عهدة خریدار مي باشد.

Liner In & Out and Stow  (L.I.O.S)

Liner Terms. Freight involves all phases of shipping (loading at the port of loading, stowage, transport, unloading and unloading in port of destination)

هزينه بارگيري در مبدأ

و هزينه تخليه در بندر مقصد به عهدة فروشنده یا شرکت حمل مي باشد.

Single Administrative Document (S.A.D)

The Single Administrative Document (SAD) is the declaration used for all Customs clearance regimes including; imports, exports, bonded warehouse, etc

سند واحد اداري – اظهار نامة گمركي

Estimate Time Arrival (E.T.A)

is when a ship or vessel is expected to arrive at a specific destination. It also helps to see the expected duration of a vessel’s route.

زمان تقریبی رسیدن كشتي به بندر مقصد

Estimate Time Departure (E.T.D)

…is when a ship or vessel is expected to depart.

زمان تقریبی حرکت كشتي از بندر مبدأ

Pre Advise L/C:

A pre-advice is a brief advice of documentary credit sent by the Issuing Bank to the Advising Bank. This is to be followed by the LC instrument that contains all the details of the LC. It notifies the recipient that the named buyer has opened an LC for a specified amount on a named seller (beneficiary).

اين نوع LC زماني باز مي­شود كه با كمبود وقت و يا تعطيلي­هاي چند روزه مواجهيم و ممكن است تاريخPI منقضی و یا شرایط تغییریابد که از بانک گشایش کننده درخواست ارسال pre advise L/C را می نماییم. که محتوای آن شامل : مبلغ اعتبار، تاريخ گشایش اعتبار، تاريخ سررسيد، نام فروشنده و خریدار، شماره اعتبار و … ذکر می گردد.

Draft:

The draft or draught of a ship’s hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull (keel). The draught of the vessel is the maximum depth of any part of the vessel, including appendages such as rudders, propellers and drop keels if deployed.

آبخور کشتی

Full set B/L:

A FULL SET OF BILLS OF LADING MEANS A FULL SET OF ORIGINAL BILLS OF LADING. … Full set 3/3 of clean shipped on board ocean bills of lading made out to order of the issuing bank notifying the applicant. The LC does not make clear if it requires presentation of original bills of lading.

نسخ كامل بارنامه

Usance / Deferred L/C:

A deferred payment letter of credit, also known as a usance letter of credit, is a commercial letter of credit that provides that the beneficiary will be paid, not at the time the beneficiary makes a complying presentation, but at a later, specified, maturity date.

اعتبار اسنادی مدت­دار

Cargo Declaration:

cargo declaration” means information submitted prior to or on arrival or departure of a means of transport for commercial use that provides the particulars required by the Customs relating to cargo brought to or removed from the Customs territory

اصطلاح كلي آن اظهارنامه محموله حمل شده توسط شرکت حمل و نقل می گویند که حمل کننده باید به گمرک اظهارکند.

Exportation;

Export is defined as an actual shipment or transmission of items out of the country. This includes standard physical movement of items across the border by truck, car, plane, rail, or hand-carry

عمل خارج كردن هر نوع كالايي از قلمرو گمركي – صادرات کالا

 

Surcharge;

A shipping surcharge is an additional fee added to a shipping cost by the carrier. Shipping surcharges compensate for extra expenses involved in additional handling, special service, unusual delivery, or other expenses inherent in shipping products with exceptional requirements or circumstances.

هزينه اضافي در حمل و نقل

Despatch;

Despatch refers to the time that the shipowner has been able to save since the charterer completed the cargo operations quicker than anticipated/agreed and was able to despatch (sail) the ship quicker than expected which is to the benefit of the ship owner

پاداش مربوط به تخليه و بارگيري قبل از انقضاي موعد مقرر

Demurrage;

هزينه معطلي / خسارت ديركرد (نقطه مقابل Despatch مي­باشد)

Consignee;

In a contract of carriage, the consignee is the entity who is financially responsible for the receipt of a shipment. Generally, but not always, the consignee is the same as the receiver

L/C;

This is where a letter of credit or LC comes in handy. It is a guarantee issued by a bank for payment to the buyer while ensuring that the goods are shipped in good order. A letter of credit is a banking instrument that guarantees payment from the buyer to the seller.

: نام بانك گشايش كننده اعتبار

در PI: نام شركت خريدار

General Average;

General Average is a principle of maritime law that essentially establishes that all sea cargo stakeholders (owner, shipper, etc.) evenly share any damage or losses that may occur as a result of voluntary sacrifice of part of the vessel or cargo to save the whole in an emergency.

خسارت همگاني

Particular Average;

Particular average is partial loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that affects only the ship owner or one cargo owner. Particular average losses are those borne by the owners of the ship or cargo due to direct damage to their property

خسارت خاص

Clean Bill / Dirty Bill;

A clean bill of lading is a document that declares there was no damage to or loss of goods during shipment. The clean bill of lading is issued by the product carrier after thoroughly inspecting all packages for any damage, missing quantities, or deviations in quality.

While dirty B/L or claused bill of lading or “dirty bill of lading” or “foul bill of lading.” A bill of lading carrying a clause or endorsement by the master or mate of the ship on which goods are carried to the effect that the goods (or their packing) arrived for loading in a damaged condition. From: dirty bill of lading in A Dictionary of Business and Management.

بارنامه بدون قيد و شرط / بارنامه مخدوش

Chamber of Commerce;

A chamber of commerce refers to an organization or a network comprising businesses. It is established to promote and protect the interests of its member firms.

اتاق بازرگاني

Transhipment;

Transshipment or transhipment is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, then to another destination. One possible reason for transshipment is to change the means of transport during the journey, known as transloading.

انتقال كالا از يك وسيله نقليه به وسيله نقليه ديگر

Partial shipment;

A partial shipment is the fulfillment of a single order in more than one delivery. In other words, when a customer makes a purchase of multiple products, they are delivered in multiple shipments rather than all at once.

دفعات حمل

Beneficiary;

Entity to whom money is payable, or for which a. letter of credit is issued; the seller and the drawer of a draft.

ذينفع اعتبار / فروشنده

Shipment Period;

Shipment Period means the period between the first expected date of Shipment and the last expected date of Shipment during which period, certain quantities of the Products are agreed to be shipped/transported/delivered to the Purchaser as specified in the Order Confirmation for the relevant Products.

مدت زمان حمل

Notify Party;

The notify party is the contact person to be notified when the shipment arrives at destination. This field is usually only required if it’s different from the party listed in the consignee field. The notify party can be the buyer himself, the shipping agent, or any other entity.

نام شركت/شخص كه بايد به او اطلاع داده شود

Forwarder:

A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.

متصدی حمل ، هماهنگ كننده حمل كالا(Forwarder مي­تواند Carrier هم باشد)

Carrier:

A carrier is a company or a person legally entitled to transport goods by land, water, and air. Usually, the carrier works with shippers to ship goods from one place to the other.

حمل كننده كالا

Receiver;

The receiver is normally the person who physically receives contributing cargo in a State Party after sea transport. In this example, it should be the freight forwarder.

تحویل گیرنده کالا در مقصد ( نماينده شركت حمل كننده در مقصد )

Certificate of Origin:

A Certificate of Origin (CO) is an important international trade document that certifies that goods in a particular export shipment are wholly obtained, produced, manufactured or processed in a particular country.

گواهي مبدأ

Manifest:

A manifest is a compilation of information about the goods carried on a means of transport (ship, airplane, truck, rail wagon and barge), together with the information about the means of transport, such as its identification, characteristics and route.

فهرست موجودی کالادر كشتي، کامیون، هواپیما و یا کانتینر

Franchise:

Franchise (or Wholesale) Life Insurance is a form of personal coverage issued under individual policies to a group under conditions which are similar to Group Insurance but which do not necessarily qualify under the Group Insurance definition.

فرانشيز: میزان خسارتی می باشد که بعهده شرکت بیمه نمی باشد (بعهده خریدار می باشد)

LayTime:

A laytime is a free time (allotted time) given to the charterer of a vessel for loading or unloading. During the allotted time, the charterer has to load or unload his goods on the available free time written in the charter agreement.

زمان مجاز بارگیری کالا در مبدأ و زمان مجاز تخلیه کالا از کشتی در مقصد